What is PTSD and Do I Fit The Criteria?

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop in individuals who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event. It can have a profound impact on a person's daily life, affecting their thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, provides a set of criteria for diagnosing PTSD, offering a standardized framework for mental health professionals. In this blog, we'll delve into the DSM-5 criteria to shed light on what PTSD is and how it is diagnosed.

DSM-5 Criteria for PTSD:

The DSM-5 outlines specific criteria that must be met for a diagnosis of PTSD. These criteria are categorized into four clusters:

- Intrusion Symptoms

- Avoidance

- Negative Alterations In Cognitions and Mood

- Alterations In Arousal and Reactivity.

Intrusion Symptoms:

Individuals with PTSD often experience intrusive thoughts and memories related to the traumatic event. These symptoms can manifest as distressing dreams, flashbacks, and intense psychological distress when exposed to reminders of the trauma.

• Recurrent, involuntary distressing memories.

• Distressing dreams related to the traumatic event.

• Flashbacks or other intense psychological distress when exposed to cues that resemble the traumatic event.

• Physiological reactions to reminders of the trauma.

Avoidance:

PTSD may lead individuals to actively avoid thoughts, feelings, or situations associated with the traumatic event. This avoidance can interfere with their daily activities and relationships.

• Avoidance of distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings related to the trauma.

• Avoidance of external reminders (people, places, conversations) that trigger memories of the traumatic event.

Negative Alterations in Cognitions and Mood:

The traumatic event can significantly impact an individual's beliefs and emotions. This cluster focuses on changes in mood, thoughts, and perceptions related to oneself and the world.

• Persistent and distorted negative beliefs about oneself or the world.

• Persistent negative emotional states (e.g., fear, anger, guilt).

• Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities.

• Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others.

Alterations in Arousal and Reactivity:

Individuals with PTSD often experience heightened arousal and reactivity. This can lead to difficulties in concentration, sleep disturbances, and an increased startle response.

• Irritable behaviour and angry outbursts.

• Reckless or self-destructive behaviour.

• Hypervigilance.

• Exaggerated startle response.

• Difficulty concentrating and sleep disturbances.

PTSD is a complex mental health condition that can profoundly impact an individual's life and increasing your knowledge on this can be be extremely empowering. Keep in mind, if you meet the criteria above, this does not mean that you have a diagnosis of PTSD. For this, you will need to obtain an assessment from an authorized professional. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of PTSD, seeking professional help is essential for navigating the path to recovery. With the right support and treatment, individuals with PTSD can regain control of their lives and work towards healing from the effects of trauma.